Formatted Input Statements
scanf() function is known as
formatted input statement.
scanf() Function:
scanf() library function is used for
reading data from the console input device – Keyboard. The general format of a scanf() function is:
Syntax : scanf(“Control
String”, &Variable1, ------ , &Variablen);
Where,
Ø
The
control string consists of format of data being received. It forms with the combination of % symbol
followed by the conversion character of different data types.
Ø
scanf()
function requires & operator called address operator to locate memory
location of the identifier to store values.
Ø
scanf()
library function information is available in stdio.h header file.
Format Specifications:
1) To
read a character, provide at least one white space character in the conversion
specification.
Example : scanf(“
%c”,&ch);
2) Conversion character should preceded with
* symbol. It tells the compiler that the
next input field is to be read but not stored.
Example : int x;
float
y;
scanf(“%d
%*c%f”,&x,&y);
The above statement accepts one
integer value, one character value and one real value. But it stores only integer and real values.
Formatted Output Statements
printf() function is known as
formatted output statement.
printf() Function:
printf() library function is used
for displaying information on console output device – Monitor. The general format of printf() function is:
Syntax : printf(“Control
String”, Varible1, ------ ,Variablen);
Where,
Ø
Control
String specifies type of the data to be displayed. It forms with the combination of % symbol
followed by the conversion character of different data types. In addition to this, control string allows
three types of formats as:
1) Values
that will be printed on the screen as they appear.
Example : printf(“New
Programs”);
Output : New
Programs
2) Escape
sequence characters are valid to print the output information in different
ways.
Example : printf(“New
\n Programs”);
Output : New
Programs
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