FILE FORMATS in C - C-Tutorial

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Thursday, 10 November 2016

FILE FORMATS in C

FILE FORMATS


            File formats can be categorized into two ways as: Text mode format and Binary mode format.  This classification arises at the time of opening the file.

            When a file is opened either in “r”, “w” or “a” modes, default file format is text mode format.  If the user wants to open the file in binary format, explicitly necessary to specify as “rb”, “wb”, or “ab”.

            There are three main differences raised between a text file and binary files.  Those are:
1.      Handling of new lines
2.      Representation of End-Of-File
3.      Storage of numbers.

1.         In text mode, a new line character is converted into the combination of carriage return – line feed before being written into the disk.
            In binary mode, conversions not take place.  A new line character is written into the disk as in the original format.

2.         In text mode, a special character is inserted after the last character in the file to mark the End-Of-File.  If this character is detected at any point in the file, then read function would return the EOF signal to the program.
            In binary format, there is no such special character present to mark the End-Of-File.  The binary mode files keep track of the End-Of-File from the number of characters present in the directory entry of the file.

3.         In text mode, while storing numbers in files, numbers are stored as string of characters.
            Consider a number 4523.
In memory, it occupies 2 bytes.  Whereas when the number placed on the disk, it would occupy 4 bytes as one byte per each character.  Since, it depends on magnitude of the number.
In such case, large amount of data storage in a disk file is inefficient.

            In binary mode, number would occupy same number of bytes on disk as it occupies in memory unit.  With this, the above number occupies only 2 bytes even on the disk file

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